Statistical distributions are important tools to model the characteristics of data sets such as right or left skewness, bi-modality or multi-modality observed in different applied sciences such as engineering, medicine, and finance, among others. The well-known distributions such as normal, Weibull, gamma, Lindley are extensively used because of their simple forms and identifiability properties. However, mostly in the last decade or so, researchers have focused on the more complex and flexible distributions, referred to as Generalized or simply G families of distributions to increase the modeling ability of these distributions by adding one or more shape parameters. The main aim of this edited book is to present new development currently made by various researchers in the field of G families of contributions distributions. The book will help future and current researchers in the field of this research. Some of the objectives are listed below: Develop new univariate continuous and discrete G families of probability distributions. Develop new bivariate continuous and discrete G families of probability distributions. Derive useful mathematical properties such as, ordinary and incomplete moments, moments generating functions, residual life and reversed residual life functions, order statistics, quantile spread ordering and entropies, among others and some bivariate and multivariate extensions of the new and existing models using a simple type copula such as: Farlie Gumbel Morgenstern copula. Modified Farlie Gumbel Morgenstern copula. Clayton copula. Renyi entropy copula. Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula. haracterize the models via several techniques such as: the conditional expectation. the truncated moment. the hazard functions. Mills ratio. certain functions of the random variable. the 1st order statistic. the conditional expectation of the record values. Assess the performance of the used estimation methods via Monte-Carlo simulation studies. Show the wide importance and the flexibility of the new models against the competitive models. Construct some new regression models based on the new proposed G families and use in statistical prediction. Application of many new useful goodness-of-fit tests for right censored validation such as the Nikulin-Rao-Robson goodness-of-fit test, modified Nikulin-Rao-Robson goodness-of-fit test, Bagdonavicius-Nikulin goodness-of-fit test and modified Bagdonavicius-Nikulin goodness-of-fit test to the new families.

Provides sound knowledge of optimal decision making in statistics and operations research problems. Serves a quick reference by exploring the research literature on the subject with commercial value-added research applications in statistics and operations research. Provides sound knowledge of optimisations and statistical techniques in modelling of real-world problems. Reviews recent developments and contributions in optimal decision-making problems using optimisation and statistical techniques. Provides an understanding of formulations of decision-making problems and their solution procedures. Describes latest developments in modelling of real-world problems and their solution approaches.

This book presents fundamental concepts of optimization problems and its real-world applications in various fields. The core concepts of optimization, formulations and solution procedures of various real-world problems are provided in an easy-to-read manner. The unique feature of this book is that it presents unified knowledge of the modelling of real-world decision-making problems and provides the solution procedure using the appropriate optimization techniques. The book will help students, researchers, and faculty members to understand the need for optimization techniques for obtaining optimal solution for the decision-making problems. It provides a sound knowledge of modelling of real-world problems using optimization techniques. It is a valuable compendium of several optimization techniques for solving real-world application problems using optimization software LINGO. The book is useful for academicians, practitioners, students and researchers in the field of OR. It is written in simple language with a detailed explanation of the core concepts of optimization techniques. Readers of this book will understand the formulation of real-world problems and their solution procedures obtained using the appropriate optimization techniques.

Doppler Applications in LEO Satellite Communication Systems develops and presents an important class of techniques useful in the construction of little Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems. It centers on the very significant Doppler shift that attends communications through a LEO satellite and shows how this phenomenon can be exploited for an unexpected benefit. The techniques taught in the book are expected to be particularly attractive to system engineers because ground-based transceivers must generally compensate for the large Doppler component and therefore the necessary receiver processing loops are often already in place and expensed. This volume starts with a recounting of the characteristics of a LEO satellite and its orbit. The 2nd chapter addresses the LEO orbital geometry and reviews the Doppler effect attending LEO communications. Chapter three is focused on the important task of estimating the Doppler at a ground terminal. Appropriate signal processing algorithms are reviewed. Chapter four is concerned with predicting LEO satellite visibility. Chapters five and six are, respectively, devoted to the use of the significant LEO Doppler as an aid in a new traffic flow control protocol and as an aid for effecting communications power control. The last chapter describes MATLAB (R) based analysis. Doppler Applications in LEO Satellite Communication Systems provides a thorough review of the LEO Doppler phenomenon.

Doppler Applications in LEO Satellite Communication Systems develops and presents an important class of techniques useful in the construction of little Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems. It centers on the very significant Doppler shift that attends communications through a LEO satellite and shows how this phenomenon can be exploited for an unexpected benefit. The techniques taught in the book are expected to be particularly attractive to system engineers because ground-based transceivers must generally compensate for the large Doppler component and therefore the necessary receiver processing loops are often already in place and expensed. This volume starts with a recounting of the characteristics of a LEO satellite and its orbit. The 2nd chapter addresses the LEO orbital geometry and reviews the Doppler effect attending LEO communications. Chapter three is focused on the important task of estimating the Doppler at a ground terminal. Appropriate signal processing algorithms are reviewed. Chapter four is concerned with predicting LEO satellite visibility. Chapters five and six are, respectively, devoted to the use of the significant LEO Doppler as an aid in a new traffic flow control protocol and as an aid for effecting communications power control. The last chapter describes MATLAB?? based analysis and demonstration CD-Rom software that accompanies the book. The software is, first, a collection of functions useful for calculating satellite orbits, terrestrial contours and regions, and coordinate transformations based on Earth rotation. They are functions that have proven fundamental to the analysis of the traffic flow control protocol described in the book. Second, the software includes a set of user-friendly graphical animation routines that aid in visualization of a LEO orbit, its coverage regions, and the protocol. Doppler Applications in LEO Satellite Communication Systems provides a thorough review of the LEO Doppler phenomenon and, together with included CD-Rom software, provides the know-how and show-how to harvest the benefits of this unexpectedly useful feature.

This book presents the effect of dispersion property of optical fiber and multiple access interference (MAI) due to unique signature codes in the optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) systems. A mathematical analysis is presented to evaluate the effect of fiber chromatic dispersion on the bit error rate (BER) performance of a direct sequence optical code division multiple access system with intensity modulation direct detection transmission link using sequence inverse keying optical correlator receiver. MATLAB simulations are used to presents signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) versus received optical power (ROP) plot for various numbers of users. It can be done for the ROP v/s BER for different lengths of single mode optical fiber with consideration the effect of chromatic dispersion index. Also visualize what amount of transmitted power is required in order to obtain a BER of 10-9 when the length of the optical fiber is increased. It noticed that when the fiber length is decreased, the index of chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber increases.

In this book recorded the woodland birds diversity and abundance at Changa Manga Plantation area. Determine the ecology of observed birds and the trophic level at which different species are using within Changa Manga plantation by using secondary data.Seasonal Distribution of Birds in Changa Manga Forest.Status Of Birds of Changa Manga Forest.Resident birds of Changa Manga forest. Most common Birds of Changa Manga Forest Pakistan.

Microorganisms are responsible for the manufacture of various foods of man. The biochemical reactions of microorganism helps in the process of production of foods. Microorganisms helps in several industries like medicine industry, jute industry. Hormones, Vitamins, Vaccines are also manufactured from microorganisms. They also used in Recombinant technology, cell fusion technology etc. In recent years the role of microorganisms in various industries issue has been found a major importance and there is a potentials for future development. Hence the branch fermentation technology developed into a independent modern branch of science.

Solar desalination using solar-still is the age old technique to get fresh water from saline and brackish water. The efficiency of the solar-still depends on many factors. The main objective of this book is to show how the output from the solar-still is increased at SRM University. This book presents the complete mathematical modeling of solar-still and solar pond. The book presents how the temperature of the feed water to solar-still and basin water of the solar-still can be increased to increase the efficiency. The temperature of the feed water to solar-still can be increased by circulating the feed water through solar-pond, and the basin water temperature of the still can be increased by using various photo-catalysts. In this work the temperature of the basin water of solar-still was increased by using two different photo-catalysts, 1) Granular activated carbon (GAC) and 2) lead-oxide coatind(PbO2). Experiments were done by using 0.5 kg GAC, and 1kg GAC with 0.5 kg PbO2 coating on the base of the solar-still.The added advantage of this book is, it used MATLAB software for physical modeling of solar-still. Simulink toolbox was used to build a physical model of solar-still.

Microbiology is important for everyone. This book we have tried to emphasis on the basics of genome mapping.This book covers the basics of genome mapping.It will be fruitful for researcher and PG life science students.The book contains number of contains to assists your learning and organize your knowledge.In recent years the role of microorganisms in various environmental issue has been found a major importance so it is very important to map their genome.

This book is the 8th volume of the popular series 'Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World'. Like the previous volumes, this volume is being introduced in a monographic format containing an extremely rich and diverse medicinal flora of India. Both well-known and somewhat still ignored species have been described in view of their traditional, present day and prospective uses. The scientific and technological achievements are also included aptly in this volume, together with a careful and critical consideration to our contemporary knowledge of this vast interdisciplinary domain with an Indian focus. In the era of global climate change and pandemics, building on the huge Indian traditions, this volume will make an important contribution to the better knowledge and understanding of MAPs. The Indian flora has always been recognized for its medicinal and aromatic plant values and this volume is explicitly focusing in that direction. With the rapidly expanding scope of natural nutraceuticals and herbal formulations, this book will be a fruitful acquisition for the interested readers globally.